Research on Training Load Characteristics of Elite Cyclist in Pre-competition―—Based on Shi Hang in the 13th National Games of China

Objective: To explore the optimal pre-competition training load and the arrangements during recovery, so as to optimize the competitive state in elite athletes. Methods: The follow-up observation, interview and mathematical statistics methods were used to investigate Shi Hang, the champion of the 13^th National Games, in this study. The whole preparation period was divided into preparation training stage, intensive training stage and pre-competition reduction training stage. Results: 1) The pre-competition preparation training period lasted 94 days, with a total load of 7 533.30 km and 61 training courses, the daily average load was 80.14 km and each course was 123.50 km. The highest proportion load was less than 80% anaerobic threshold intensity, which accounting for 29.48% of the total load, and the training courses accounted for 39.34% of the total courses at this stage. 2) The intensive training period lasted for 60 days, with a total load of 4 153.07 km and 41 training courses, the daily average load was 69.22 km and each course was 101.29 km. Most courses were 90%~95% anaerobic threshold intensity, which accounting for 36.59% of the total courses, and the load accounts for 50.01% of the total courses at this stage. 3) The pre-competition reduction training stage lasted 13 days, the total load was 494.16 km with 13 courses, the daily and course average loads were both 38.01 km.Conclusions: The high proportion of basic aerobic endurance is the main characteristic during the pre-competition training of this sport event. The overall load arrangement presents a “polarization” mode, and the proportion of high-intensity training is greater in the intensive training stage. The proportion of anaerobic threshold intensity and below are dominant in the three stages, and the high intensity with low proportion arrangement in the final stage is the key factor in regulating competitive state.