Expansion of Urban Public Fitness Spaces: Extraterritorial Experience and China’s Path

Based on the analysis of the practices and advanced experiences of developed countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan in expanding public fitness spaces, it is evident that leveraging government leadership, innovative operational management approaches, resource-efficient utilization, alignment with public fitness demands and multifunctional space diversification are important methods to expand the urban public fitness spaces. Major experiences include emphasizing thematic and cultural expressions, adhering to relevant construction standards and regulations, revitalizing underutilized urban resources,promoting functional synergies among project facilities, and prioritizing the establishment of collaborative governance models involving diverse stakeholders. Consequently, to facilitate the high-quality development of public fitness spaces in contemporary China, it is imperative to pursue integrated growth, reinforce the nexus between public fitness spaces and urban development, adopt a precision-oriented supply framework encapsulating the “Three Comprehensives” ideology, elevate public service efficiency through standardized development, enhance smart experience in public fitness spaces through digitization, foster thematic ambiances within these spaces via scenario-based transformation, and unlock the development dynamism of public fitness spaces through diversified collaborative efforts.