Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Weightlessness Sports System Degradation by Exercise

The risks of long-term weightlessness are mainly bone loss and muscle atrophy. Exercise training can effectively prevent bone loss and muscle atrophy which were caused by weightlessness. However, the specific mechanism of exercise to prevent the degradation of weightlessness sports system is still unclear. This study reviewed the human and animal research experiments on the antagonism of exercise training to the degradation of exercise system caused by weightlessness, and summarized the following potential mechanisms of exercise to prevent and treat weightlessness bone loss and muscle atrophy: 1) exercise training can effectively prevent and treat bone loss by improving bone cell dysfunction, regulating abnormal bone metabolism and mediating the expression of various miRNAs; 2) exercise training can prevent and treat muscle atrophy by improving the imbalance of neuromuscular function, promoting the recovery of muscle fiber ultrastructure, promoting the synthesis of skeletal muscle protein,and inhibiting protein decomposition. By summarizing the literatures on the prevention and treatment of weightlessness sports system degradation, the optimal scheme suitable for the current on-orbit navigation sports measures is condensed. It is recommended to use intermittent and continuous aerobic training, as well as flywheel and conventional resistance exercise, supplemented by table tennis neuro-muscular coordination training.